Fowler's Toad (Bufo fowleri)


Group	Toads/Frogs
Code	AAABB01210
Order	Anura
Family	Bufonidae
Author	Hinckley, 1882
Rank	G5 (definitions)
Occurrence	P (definitions)
Scale	C (definitions)

County List:


Western UP	none
Eastern UP	none
Northern LP	Grand Traverse, Emmet, Kalkaska, Charlevoix, Benzie, Antrim, Wexford, Osceola, Oceana, Newaygo, Mecosta, Mason, Manistee, Leelanau, Lake
Southern LP	Cass, Kalamazoo, Jackson, Ionia, Hillsdale, Berrien, Calhoun, Branch, Allegan, Eaton, Ottawa, Barry, Kent, Van Buren, St. Joseph, Muskegon, Monroe, Lenawee, Montcalm

Rule:

Mixed Forested/Nonforested Landscapes

Habitat Requirements may be distributed across the COMPARTMENT

1st alternative:
      (Oak (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Assorted Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Northern Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Red Pine (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Mixed Northern Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Mixed Pine (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Mixed Upland Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or Grass
      or Upland Brush
      or Savanna
      or Fields/Pasture
      or Shorelines/Mudflats
   neighboring:
      (Ponds or Sewage Lagoons & Farm Ponds or Any Emergent Wetland)

2nd alternative:
      (Oak (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Assorted Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Northern Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Red Pine (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Mixed Northern Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Mixed Pine (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Mixed Upland Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or Grass
      or Upland Brush
      or Savanna
      or Fields/Pasture
      or Shorelines/Mudflats
   containing:
      Vernal Pools

view decision rule term definitions

Habitat List:

Habitats	Regen	Sap	Pole	Sm Saw	Lg Saw	Uneven
Aspen	no	no	no	no	no	-
Paper Birch	no	no	no	no	no	-
Oak	no	no	no	YES	YES	YES
Assorted Hardwoods	no	no	no	YES	YES	YES
Northern Hardwoods	no	no	no	YES	YES	YES
Spruce/Fir	no	no	no	no	no	no
Hemlock	no	no	no	no	no	no
Jack Pine	no	no	no	no	no	no
Red Pine	no	no	no	YES	YES	YES
White Pine	no	no	no	no	no	no
Conifer Plantations	no	no	no	no	no	-
Mixed Upland Hardwoods	no	no	no	YES	YES	YES
Mixed Northern Hardwoods	no	no	no	YES	YES	YES
Mixed Upland Conifer	no	no	no	no	no	no
Mixed Pine	no	no	no	YES	YES	YES
Swamp Hardwoods	no	no	no	no	no	no
Balsam Poplar & Swamp Aspen & Swamp Birch	no	no	no	no	no	no
Bottomland Hardwoods	no	no	no	no	no	no
Tamarack	no	no	no	no	no	no
Northern White Cedar	no	no	no	no	no	no
Black Spruce	no	no	no	no	no	no
Mixed Lowland Hardwoods	no	no	no	no	no	no
Mixed Lowland Conifer	no	no	no	no	no	no
Non-Forested	Grass, Upland Brush, Savanna, Fields/Pastures, Pond, Sewage Lagoons & Farm Ponds, Marsh 1, Marsh 2 (MARSH), Shorelines & Mudflats
Special Features	Vernal Pools, Riparian

view size class definitions

Literature:

Harding, J. H. and J. A. Holman. 1992. Michigan frogs, toads, and salamanders a field guide and pocket reference. Co-operative Extension Service, Michigan State University. 144 pp.

Fowler's toads prefer open woods and fields, particularly those with sandy soils. These toads are characteristic of the Lake Michigan dune woodlands. Like the American toad the Fowler's toad burrows into the ground during hot, dry periods and in winter, but they are more likely to be active in the daytime.

Fowler's toads eat insects, spiders and other small invertebrates.

DeGraaf, R. M. and D. D. Rudis. 1986. New England wildlife: habitat, natural history, and distribution. GTR NE-108. Broomall, PA:USDA, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 491 pp.

Habitat: Prefers areas with sandy soil - shorelines, river valleys, beaches, and roadside areas. Usually found in lowland areas, but frequently in pine and oak forests, gardens, lawns, and fields, also found in small marshy ponds. Hibernates in burrows in well drained sandy soils to 3 feet (0.9m) deep from early fall to late spring.

Special Habitat Requirements: Sandy soils, shallow water for breeding.